May 28, 2026

A Novice Teaches Beekeeping (285)

A Novice Teaches Beekeeping (285)
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Jim Tew welcomes his grandson, Will Laditka, back to Honey Bee Obscura for a candid conversation about the realities of learning beekeeping as a young beginner. Will reflects on losing his first colonies, the emotional impact of what initially appeared to be American Foulbrood, and how those difficult experiences ultimately strengthened his understanding of honey bee management. Jim and Will discuss the importance of learning through setbacks, the challenge of managing Varroa, and why resilience is one of the most important qualities for new beekeepers.

The discussion also explores how beekeeping intersects with education and communication. Will shares how he recently used beekeeping as the subject of a college speech presentation, explaining basic hive equipment, bee communication, pheromones, and colony behavior to classmates unfamiliar with bees. The conversation highlights how honey bees can engage audiences far outside traditional beekeeping circles.

Jim and Will also compare beginner beekeeping experiences across generations. Jim reflects on the simplicity and affordability of starting beekeeping decades ago, while Will explains how modern equipment costs and management expectations can make entering the hobby more difficult for younger beekeepers today. Together, they discuss how beekeeping has evolved while still maintaining the same lessons of patience, observation, and continual learning.

This episode offers thoughtful perspective for beginning beekeepers, especially younger listeners navigating the steep learning curve of modern honey bee management.

______________________

Thanks to Betterbee for sponsoring today's episode. Betterbee’s mission is to support every beekeeper with excellent customer service, continued education and quality equipment. From their colorful and informative catalog to their support of beekeeper educational activities, including this podcast series, Betterbee truly is Beekeepers Serving Beekeepers. See for yourself at www.betterbee.com

Vita-Bee-Health

We’d like to thank Vita Bee Health for supporting the podcast. Vita provides proven tools for controlling Varroa—from Apistan and Apiguard to the new VarroxSan extended-release oxalic acid strips—helping beekeepers keep stronger, healthier colonies.

______________________

Honey Bee Obscura is brought to you by Growing Planet Media, LLC, the home of Beekeeping Today Podcast.

Music: Heart & Soul by Gyom, All We Know by Midway Music; Christmas Avenue by Immersive Music; original guitar music by Jeffrey Ott

Cartoons by: John Martin (Beezwax Comics)

Copyright © 2026 by Growing Planet Media, LLC

WEBVTT

00:00:02.240 --> 00:00:05.440
Hey, good morning, podcast listeners.

00:00:05.440 --> 00:00:09.040
It's Jim here again, so it must be Thursday morning.

00:00:09.940 --> 00:00:11.380
This is a treat.

00:00:11.380 --> 00:00:13.940
I got my grandson here with me, who's

00:00:14.820 --> 00:00:17.619
boy, well, a novice beekeeper.

00:00:17.960 --> 00:00:19.160
That'd be putting it

00:00:19.400 --> 00:00:19.880
nicely

00:00:20.520 --> 00:00:21.720
for me, .

00:00:21.720 --> 00:00:22.920
I'm still young.

00:00:22.920 --> 00:00:25.960
It's gonna be back though, still still dealing with struggles, but

00:00:26.119 --> 00:00:26.759
.

00:00:26.680 --> 00:00:27.880
Still dealing with struggles.

00:00:27.880 --> 00:00:28.920
Well, that's just life.

00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:29.320
Yep.

00:00:29.320 --> 00:00:31.800
But there's always gonna be ups and downs of beekeeping.

00:00:31.800 --> 00:00:32.040
And

00:00:32.279 --> 00:00:37.480
so, I am just excited that I've gotten the experience early.

00:00:37.480 --> 00:00:37.800


00:00:38.440 --> 00:00:45.640
You know, last episode that I was on, we'd talked about one of my second colonies struggling with potentially American Foulbrood

00:00:46.040 --> 00:00:46.360
and

00:00:46.520 --> 00:00:48.120
things of that nature just

00:00:48.520 --> 00:00:49.720
Really detrimental you

00:00:49.960 --> 00:00:52.600
to your colonies and also to your psyche in a sense

00:00:52.760 --> 00:00:54.120
because your colonies keep dying.

00:00:54.120 --> 00:00:55.080
Like is it your fault?

00:00:55.080 --> 00:00:55.240
What

00:00:55.480 --> 00:00:56.440
whatever, but

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I wanna talk about that.

00:00:57.460 --> 00:00:59.140
I want to talk about that.

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Listen, we're gonna talk about all of this.

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We're gonna catch you up.

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I'm Jim Tew.

00:01:03.460 --> 00:01:04.500
I come to you here at Honey

00:01:04.659 --> 00:01:06.180
Be Obscure once a week

00:01:06.420 --> 00:01:09.060
where I try to talk about something to do

00:01:09.220 --> 00:01:11.060
with plain talk beekeeping.

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I'm Will Ditka and it's good to be back.

00:01:13.820 --> 00:01:15.259
Welcome to Honey Be

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Obscura, brought to you by Growing Planet Media, the producers of the Beekeeping Today

00:01:22.060 --> 00:01:23.659
podcast.

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Join

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Jew Tew, your guide.

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Through the complexities, the beauty, the fun, and the challenges of managing honey bees.

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Jim hosts fun and interesting guests who take a deep dive into the intricate world of honey bees.

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Whether your

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seasoned beekeeper,

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are

00:01:41.740 --> 00:01:42.939
just getting started.

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Get ready for some plain talk that'll delve into all things honey bees.

00:01:47.580 --> 00:01:49.259
Will that you bring up a good point.

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I I was panicked

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all those months ago.

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It was

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back before Thanksgiving, wasn't it?

00:01:53.979 --> 00:01:54.619
Yeah

00:01:55.159 --> 00:01:56.200
It was a really

00:01:56.520 --> 00:01:59.159
peculiar looking situation and I

00:01:59.320 --> 00:02:01.000
thought it might be American Foul

00:02:01.159 --> 00:02:01.640
brood.

00:02:01.640 --> 00:02:03.560
That just did not seem to make sense.

00:02:03.560 --> 00:02:06.360
And after I thought about it and looked at it again

00:02:06.820 --> 00:02:09.300
It seemed to pretty much be a a mild var

00:02:09.700 --> 00:02:10.340
varroa

00:02:10.580 --> 00:02:16.260
bomb, where they had a heavy varroa mite load, but it wasn't enough to kill them right away.

00:02:16.500 --> 00:02:19.060
Of course I think they died during the winter.

00:02:19.060 --> 00:02:19.380
So

00:02:20.120 --> 00:02:22.040
Well, it that's just beekeeping.

00:02:22.040 --> 00:02:23.000
It starts over again.

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What was sh what was your take on it?

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00:02:25.720 --> 00:02:28.360
I'm always glad it happened in a sense.

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Obviously not for the bees, but I think for the experience to be able to see

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such a confusing hive in a sense

00:02:35.360 --> 00:02:38.720
to where you we thought it was potentially American Foulbrood, but even you

00:02:38.880 --> 00:02:41.360
with all your experience had to take a second look at it.

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So I think the ability to be able just to watch

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you

00:02:44.160 --> 00:02:44.400
were

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just to

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soak in the all this information and the experiences I think

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is

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much more important to me now than anything else.

00:02:51.480 --> 00:02:54.840
So I guess I'm just really looking at it as a building experience because I've

00:02:55.000 --> 00:02:58.760
I'm still so young into the beekeeping experience that I I really think

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It's something beneficial that will be helpful to me down the line and I'm sure I'll encounter a situation similar to it at some point and I'll be better prepared for it because of this.

00:03:06.800 --> 00:03:07.120
So

00:03:07.620 --> 00:03:07.940
I guess

00:03:08.180 --> 00:03:11.860
I always just try and think of it with glass half full and not glass half empty.

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Try always try and take the the good side of things.

00:03:14.180 --> 00:03:14.500
Alright.

00:03:14.500 --> 00:03:14.580
Well

00:03:14.820 --> 00:03:16.260
so far so good, but it

00:03:16.740 --> 00:03:16.740
's a good idea.

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That was an

00:03:17.980 --> 00:03:18.540
experience.

00:03:18.540 --> 00:03:20.700
Well, that was not that wasn't easy going.

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I'm sorry we got off on a difficult foot

00:03:23.420 --> 00:03:24.540
right away, but

00:03:24.940 --> 00:03:26.140
It is beekeeping.

00:03:26.140 --> 00:03:28.140
So I guess I'll just talk a little bit about me

00:03:28.379 --> 00:03:29.739
since the last episode.

00:03:29.739 --> 00:03:30.220
I

00:03:30.379 --> 00:03:32.140
I decided to change my major

00:03:32.379 --> 00:03:32.700
and

00:03:33.240 --> 00:03:35.800
I transferred schools just at community college because

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here in the state of Michigan, community college is completely free.

00:03:39.000 --> 00:03:39.320
So

00:03:39.640 --> 00:03:41.000
might as well, right?

00:03:41.000 --> 00:03:41.320
Yep.

00:03:41.320 --> 00:03:42.760
It saves a lot of money.

00:03:42.560 --> 00:03:44.640
Do you have any interest in in biology?

00:03:44.640 --> 00:03:45.599
Have you taken a bee

00:03:45.760 --> 00:03:46.480
class or bee

00:03:46.720 --> 00:03:49.760
bee biology or anything along that line or is this still

00:03:49.920 --> 00:03:50.560
too soon?

00:03:50.560 --> 00:03:52.239
it's still too soon, but ironically

00:03:52.400 --> 00:03:52.560
bee

00:03:52.799 --> 00:03:53.760
snuck my way into

00:03:53.920 --> 00:03:57.360
a communication class and I actually wrote a speech.

00:03:56.660 --> 00:03:58.420
and presented that about bees.

00:03:58.420 --> 00:04:01.700
Just talked about various things, just an overview.

00:04:01.700 --> 00:04:03.860
I brought you up multiple times in it.

00:04:03.860 --> 00:04:04.180
Because it

00:04:04.340 --> 00:04:09.620
you you were supposed to use references and I feel like you're the ultimate reference for the field of beekeeping.

00:04:10.360 --> 00:04:16.919
So yeah, just talked about that and I talked about just some dangers of beekeeping just because a lot of people are just unaware of the Varroa

00:04:17.079 --> 00:04:18.440
issues and whatnot and

00:04:19.000 --> 00:04:21.080
how s how scary the future of bees

00:04:21.320 --> 00:04:21.800
looks,

00:04:21.959 --> 00:04:25.640
especially with how big their impact is on our planet and just things like that.

00:04:25.640 --> 00:04:27.080
Just kept it very general

00:04:27.320 --> 00:04:27.640
because

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Honestly, like I'm pretty general in my knowledge as well,

00:04:31.360 --> 00:04:32.080
still young.

00:04:32.080 --> 00:04:36.080
So I can't get too deep into it just because I'm I'm still trying to learn

00:04:36.320 --> 00:04:37.760
figure it out myself.

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But

00:04:38.320 --> 00:04:40.240
things like that, just being able to

00:04:40.900 --> 00:04:41.220
include

00:04:41.380 --> 00:04:43.620
beekeeping in a communications class.

00:04:43.620 --> 00:04:45.540
It's just something you would never expect.

00:04:45.540 --> 00:04:46.420
Just a s

00:04:46.580 --> 00:04:46.820
two

00:04:46.980 --> 00:04:48.420
combinations of things.

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But

00:04:49.220 --> 00:04:51.060
I feel like that's almost a good thing.

00:04:51.060 --> 00:04:58.180
Like this beekeeping ha is able to be applied so far outside of beekeeping, I'm able to use it in a beneficial way.

00:04:58.520 --> 00:04:59.240
How long was the f

00:04:59.480 --> 00:05:01.000
how long was the presentation?

00:05:01.000 --> 00:05:05.080
So it was supposed to be four to six minutes, and I talked for a solid seven minutes and fifteen

00:05:05.240 --> 00:05:05.880
seconds.

00:05:05.960 --> 00:05:10.520
Four to six minutes, and you talk seven minutes and sixteen seconds.

00:05:10.240 --> 00:05:12.080
Was there a penalty for that?

00:05:12.080 --> 00:05:13.360
Yeah, but it was only ten

00:05:13.600 --> 00:05:14.160
points.

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And

00:05:14.640 --> 00:05:15.840
I feel like I was and

00:05:16.000 --> 00:05:16.560
there was only ten

00:05:16.720 --> 00:05:17.680
points I got off.

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So I was thorough enough

00:05:19.760 --> 00:05:22.080
that, I didn't get anything else off.

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So I guess

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Better too long than too short, I guess.

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Well off

00:05:26.099 --> 00:05:29.379
just quickly I want to get off the subject and then get rubb back on it.

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But I remember my first talk that I gave as a graduate student at the University of Maryland.

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I had all these notes worked out.

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It was pre-PowerPoint.

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We used photographic slides.

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And so I was deep into it.

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And I

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began to get the notice from my professor that my time was up.

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Well, I was hardly halfway through.

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It'd be like s sitting down with half a sandwich

00:05:51.080 --> 00:05:51.880
made.

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So I kept going

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because I thought I had to keep going.

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You can't leave the audience wanting more.

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Well, if yes

00:05:57.720 --> 00:06:00.840
you can, because there's speakers coming up behind that I'm

00:06:00.940 --> 00:06:02.540
Trashing the schedule, so

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I finally stopped after I went seriously over.

00:06:06.460 --> 00:06:10.220
And I've got a verbal reprimand, so my first talk was two

00:06:10.460 --> 00:06:12.700
times too much talk

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Well you beat me.

00:06:14.060 --> 00:06:15.500
It's interesting that you went over.

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I went over fifteen, twenty minutes or so.

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It it really threw things off.

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Going over by fifteen minutes.

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How how long

00:06:22.780 --> 00:06:24.460
you said it was four to six minutes.

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How many people were in your audience

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It was just my small class.

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I think there were about eighteen to twenty of us in there.

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00:06:30.940 --> 00:06:33.900
I'm not sure how many were present that day, but probably somewhere around that route.

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Did they go

00:06:34.539 --> 00:06:37.020
did they go glassy-eyed while you were doing this?

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I sure hope not.

00:06:37.940 --> 00:06:39.940
I I tried my best to keep it funny.

00:06:39.940 --> 00:06:43.380
I tried to write some jokes in there, just to try and keep people engaged.

00:06:43.380 --> 00:06:44.180
I tried to

00:06:44.580 --> 00:06:46.500
I used the PowerPoint to my advantage.

00:06:46.500 --> 00:06:48.740
I tried to make it as interesting as possible.

00:06:48.820 --> 00:06:50.980
That way they're looking at something.

00:06:50.980 --> 00:06:51.620
You know what I mean?

00:06:51.620 --> 00:06:53.460
They're not just glassy eyed, like you said.

00:06:53.460 --> 00:06:53.780
So

00:06:54.020 --> 00:06:54.260


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I really hope they enjoyed it.

00:06:55.860 --> 00:06:58.260
It seemed like they did, because I was the only speaker that got follow-up

00:06:58.420 --> 00:06:59.140
questions.

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So

00:06:59.940 --> 00:07:00.020
I

00:07:00.180 --> 00:07:01.620
I'll take that as a good sign.

00:07:01.620 --> 00:07:03.780
What were some of your major points?

00:07:03.780 --> 00:07:03.940


00:07:04.100 --> 00:07:06.340
like I said, just the dangers of beekeeping.

00:07:06.340 --> 00:07:07.300
And then I just talked about

00:07:07.460 --> 00:07:07.540
what

00:07:08.500 --> 00:07:10.980
what are what's dangerous about beekeeping?

00:07:10.639 --> 00:07:10.880


00:07:11.040 --> 00:07:13.600
just like we had touched on, like the Varroa

00:07:14.320 --> 00:07:16.800
American Foulbrood, like yeah.

00:07:16.800 --> 00:07:17.120


00:07:17.360 --> 00:07:23.520
and then another main point I just talked about was very basic beekeeping equipment, just veils, smokers, boxes, the

00:07:23.740 --> 00:07:26.220
Deeps versus supers, whatever, eight frames, ten

00:07:26.380 --> 00:07:29.020
frames, just those kinds of things.

00:07:29.020 --> 00:07:29.260
And

00:07:29.420 --> 00:07:31.900
I mean it was really surface level just because

00:07:32.160 --> 00:07:33.600
It's not like I was giving it in a

00:07:33.760 --> 00:07:35.120
like a biology course or

00:07:35.360 --> 00:07:36.800
something like that where they were well

00:07:36.960 --> 00:07:40.000
versed in insects or bees in general.

00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:42.080
So I really just kept it surface level.

00:07:42.080 --> 00:07:44.000
I'm sure a lot of the things I talked about

00:07:44.240 --> 00:07:44.400
w

00:07:44.640 --> 00:07:46.640
a lot of people already knew, but

00:07:47.000 --> 00:07:57.960
Just kept it simple, broad, and just tried to include as much as I could in a basic sense, just because I did only have that four to six minutes, so I couldn't really go fifteen minutes over like you did.

00:07:57.660 --> 00:07:57.820
Yep.

00:07:57.980 --> 00:08:00.220
It's a lot to pack in to just a few minutes.

00:08:00.220 --> 00:08:01.900
I had to keep it pretty surface level.

00:08:01.900 --> 00:08:03.820
What were some of the other talk titles?

00:08:03.820 --> 00:08:05.260
What was your competition

00:08:05.620 --> 00:08:10.659
Some someone was a history professor, someone was an electrician.

00:08:10.659 --> 00:08:14.740
Like it was like this profession thing, and I just talked about entomology.

00:08:14.740 --> 00:08:16.819
So a lot of them were really boring, like

00:08:17.139 --> 00:08:17.300
people

00:08:17.460 --> 00:08:21.460
talking about electrician work in specific, that's not a a very

00:08:21.620 --> 00:08:23.139
gravitating speech.

00:08:23.139 --> 00:08:23.620
So

00:08:23.780 --> 00:08:25.460
I definitely think that my

00:08:25.620 --> 00:08:26.100
approach

00:08:26.259 --> 00:08:31.139
and trying to keep it fun and creative and the bees in general, I think, are interesting enough

00:08:30.940 --> 00:08:32.540
That it was able to keep it interesting.

00:08:39.740 --> 00:08:44.540
Because I have lit myself up several times by not knowing how to wire as a

00:08:44.780 --> 00:08:45.020
shock

00:08:45.260 --> 00:08:45.740
person.

00:08:46.140 --> 00:08:50.140
But I I didn't realize it was occupationally driven.

00:08:49.860 --> 00:08:50.900
It's a clever thing.

00:08:50.900 --> 00:08:52.420
And your professor had

00:08:52.740 --> 00:08:54.820
positive comments, positive responses.

00:08:55.140 --> 00:08:56.980
Yeah, nothing but good things to say.

00:08:56.980 --> 00:08:59.220
I also talked about just

00:08:59.440 --> 00:08:59.760
sorts

00:08:59.920 --> 00:09:02.480
of the forms of communication of these.

00:09:02.480 --> 00:09:02.960
Yep.

00:09:02.960 --> 00:09:08.560
Just because that's I mean, still even to us now, we still really are not fully aware of everything.

00:09:08.560 --> 00:09:14.000
But just talked about very basic again, like the pheromones, h like how large the radius of the colonies

00:09:14.160 --> 00:09:14.800
search.

00:09:14.800 --> 00:09:15.440
Just very basic

00:09:15.920 --> 00:09:16.880
facts.

00:09:16.660 --> 00:09:16.820
Hold

00:09:16.980 --> 00:09:18.660
hold that hold that thought for just a minute.

00:09:18.660 --> 00:09:24.660
Well, we need to hear from our sponsor and just take a break and we'll collect our thoughts.

00:09:24.660 --> 00:09:30.420
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Queens, bred for hygienic mite resistance

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and strong honey production, gentle carniolan queens, known for making

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Managing hive populations with the flow, or Betterbee's locally raised northern queens, selected for winter hardiness, disease resistance, temperament, and honey production.

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Order your queens today at betterbee.

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We'd like to thank Vita

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bee Health for supporting this podcast.

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provides proven tools for controlling Varroa, Apistan, and Apiguard

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to the new Varroxsan.

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Extended release

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oxalic acid strips.

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Helping beekeepers keep stronger, healthier colonies.

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You were talking about pheromones.

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Go back to that and pick that up again.

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So

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I feel like I'm not well versed enough to be talking about pheromone communication on a beekeeping podcast, but

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I I talked about keeping it funny, so I guess I'll just touch on this example.

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So I just

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as I'm walking around and giving my speech, I'm using pheromones and I just like

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pretend I'm a bee

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and I

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fart at somebody.

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Oh god.

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Just as a joke.

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You know what I mean?

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So I like that was

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and then there were a couple things throughout this speech and that's what I'm talking about.

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Just trying to keep it light and fun.

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But just things like that, just

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a very basic sense because the communication of bees is so drastically different than the way we would communicate.

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Like they're not just sitting there chatting hump

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having conversations.

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And I also touched on the things like the little whittle

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dances they do and washboarding as well.

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They're such interesting little creatures and there's just the hive

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mind

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is such an interesting concept.

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The hive mind

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is an interesting concept

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that is

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a

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super

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organism, essentially.

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Everybody doing what's best for them apparently and it ends up being beneficial to the whole unit.

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So it went well.

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I'm glad it went well for you.

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You have anything else planned like this, but nothing else has come up that's opportunistic so far, I guess.

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Yeah, I mean

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that's what's nice though, I can always keep it in my back pocket.

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It's

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something I'm well versed in compared to the average person.

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So it's something interesting and somewhat unique about me, especially at my age in particular.

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So I r I I

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I really enjoy it.

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I

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earlier we were talking about my struggles with being an early beekeeper

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and I just

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I guess I have a question for you.

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I just want to compare

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my early beekeeping versus your early beekeeping and how much things have changed and what

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Well, you

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you

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m mentioned early on that

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not

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in the podcast, but

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we were talking that beekeeping was an expensive hobby and that

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and

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that's unfortunately true in many cases, but that that's one of the things that's changed.

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There was a type of apiculture

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When I was just starting this at 21 and 22 years old, there was just box

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hive beekeepers.

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And I'm

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late in my life, I'm really intrigued by that

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because I transitioned

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At a time when beekeepers were moving from box hives to Langstruth equipment.

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So if you wanted to keep bees, you'd just tie

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four boards together, thirty-six inches high or so, and put an

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X

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brace in the middle and put a

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Top and a bottom on it, and a few slips in the bottom, and you picked up swarms

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because they were everywhere in the spring

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before Varroa

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and

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Africanized V's and boom

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You were a beekeeper.

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So you wore some old painter coveralls and you got some gardening gloves on

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and you

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probably had to buy a veil and a smoker, and that was it.

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And I have slowly watched as beekeeping became, has become

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more and more modern, cleaner, more professional, and

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more expensive.

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And I was part and parcel to tearing those old bee-boxes apart, and I made precious few pictures

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because

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to me

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they were junk.

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And I was helping the bees improve their lives.

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And in retrospect, the bees liked that box hive a lot better.

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They had a natural nest, and I made them live on straight cones.

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That was then, this is now.

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Do I want to go back to

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early beekeeping and homemade protective gear?

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No, I'm happy where I am.

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What was your beginning like?

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I feel like it's almost ingrained in the podcast at this point.

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Just those two hives.

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I lost that one early

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and then obviously the American Foulbrood, what we thought was, and then ended up being a varroa

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with that second hive.

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So I mean it's been a

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I guess a rough go of it, but not really.

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It's all been learning experiences, but I almost feel like it's

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especially

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as a young person nowadays, I I really

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feel like if I didn't have access to you and equipment, I wouldn't have ever been able to get into this, even if I really wanted to.

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I feel like you almost need to have

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your

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life set up, you need to have some income

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because this is

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it's

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it's really is expensive, especially if you're purchasing your own s

00:14:40.680 --> 00:14:41.080
queens

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or whatever.

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It can

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it can quickly get expensive.

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D especially depending on like

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what quality of equipment you want to use.

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Like if you could go s

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buy some big company equipment, I'm sure

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it's it gets more expensive.

00:14:52.340 --> 00:14:52.660


00:14:53.240 --> 00:14:54.680
But I think that's the biggest

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notice for me is that it

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it's

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really feels like a

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a hobby in a sense

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where you really need to just like invest the money and the time into it and enjoy it.

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You can't really just throw a box together and go pick up a swarm

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anymore, I guess, in that sense.

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Like you really gotta commit hard to it 'cause it really is a big commitment now.

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Yeah, and

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it's you're going to take a spanking almost every time.

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You know, this

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you

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first two colonies out are gone.

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I thought

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I had three or four colonies die this one or so bees die

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all the time.

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Will I always enjoy

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talking with you.

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I'll check back in

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probably sometime later this summer

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and get another update

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And see what you're doing and how your

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life's going.

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You keep saying you're you're youth, you're young.

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How old are you?

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Nineteen.

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I'll be twenty

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the end of August.

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Torn

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at

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the end of August.

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That is

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young.

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So

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I got a beekeeper in

00:15:52.339 --> 00:15:54.019
training I named your session

00:15:54.180 --> 00:15:56.579
a novice teaches beekeeping

00:15:57.540 --> 00:16:00.339
so don't be offended when you see the cartoon work on that this

00:16:00.500 --> 00:16:00.980
in production

00:16:01.139 --> 00:16:01.620
right now.

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Listeners I always enjoy talking to you.

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Well

00:16:03.699 --> 00:16:04.660
tell them bye.

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Thanks for having me on again.

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I always appreciate it.

00:16:06.579 --> 00:16:06.899
Listeners

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I appreciate your support and

00:16:08.860 --> 00:16:10.540
I hope to see you guys again soon.

00:16:10.540 --> 00:16:11.980
Thanks a lot, Will.

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Until next week, this is Jim telling you bye.